Climate is a topic that interests the whole world nowadays, it is about long-term weather changes from winter and summer, rains, winds and snowfalls which are part of the daily life of many people .
Climate is a long-term weather condition that is influenced by several factors such as air temperature, humidity, amount of precipitation, and wind speed .
It is known that the climate is changing over time, but in recent years, the world has experienced a noticeable and rapid change in climate, and this is known as climate change .
Climate change is a major challenge facing the planet and all its inhabitants .
One of the causes of climate change is human activities, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and the increase in the amount of gases .
And these gases cause heat retention in the atmosphere, this phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere and therefore the Earth's temperature increases, which leads to changes in the climate .
The phenomena of climate change affect all aspects of our lives, rising temperatures lead to the melting of ice at the poles and sea level rise, and extreme weather, such as violent storms, floods and droughts, are becoming more severe .
Agricultural crops and biological systems are negatively affected, which affects the supply of food and fresh water .
To meet the challenges of climate change, awareness and education about climate change and our role in influencing it must be strengthened, and international and individual communities need to take quick and effective action to meet the challenges of climate change .we must switch to renewable energy sources, conserve natural resources and reduce harmful emissions.
Preserving and fighting climate change is not only the responsibility of major environmental organizations and governments, but the responsibility of everyone, and we can contribute to climate protection by reducing energy consumption, switching to public transport or bicycles, recycling waste and properly disposing of waste .
Climate changes are due to many factors, including human activity, industrial activities and natural changes in the atmosphere, and its effects include global warming, sea level rise, changes in rainfall patterns, as well as other phenomena such as severe storms and droughts .
Climate changes at the planetary level are a major challenge for humanity and wildlife, in addition to affecting agriculture, food, health, water and the environment, they may also lead to an increase in natural disasters such as floods, wildfires and hurricanes, these climate changes may lead to serious human losses and are considered a threat to the sustainability of the life of the current and future generations .
States, communities and individuals should cooperate together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote the use of renewable energy and promote sustainable development, and countries should also take measures to adapt to future climate change impacts, such as building flood-resistant infrastructure and developing early warning systems to combat disasters .
However, we should also not lose sight of the individual role in the fight against climate change , we can take simple actions such as saving energy at home, reducing waste, using public transport instead of private cars, education and awareness should be encouraged to preserve the environment and make personal contributions by joining environmental protection campaigns and contributing to reforestation and beach cleaning activities .
On the other hand, the fight against climate change is not just a government responsibility, but a common responsibility of all, by taking the necessary measures and switching to sustainable lifestyles that will enable us to preserve the planet for future generations and ensure a healthy and prosperous future for all .
Kyoto Protocol
By 1995, the countries began negotiations in order to strengthen the global response to climate change , and two years later, adopted Kyoto Protocol .
The Kyoto Protocol legally binds developed country parties to emission reduction targets, and the protocol's first commitment period began in 2008 and ended in 2012 .
The second commitment period began on January 1, 2013 and ended in 2020.
There are currently 197 parties to the convention and 192 parties to Kyoto Protocol .
The Paris Agreement
At the 21st congress in Paris in 2015, the parties reached The historic United Nations Framework Convention to combat climate change , Accelerate and intensify the actions and investments necessary to achieve a sustainable low-carbon future .
It is based The Paris Agreement The agreement, for the first time, brings all countries to a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, while strengthening support to help developing countries do so, and as such it charts a new course in global climate efforts .
The main goal of the Paris Agreement is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping global temperatures this century also below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial revolution levels, and to continue efforts to limit temperature rise even further to 1,5 degrees Celsius .
On the occasion of Earth Day, which was celebrated on April 22, 2016, 175 world leaders signed the Paris Agreement at the UN headquarters in New York .
This was the largest number of countries signing an international agreement in one day ever so far, and the number of countries that have so far joined the Paris Agreement has reached 191 countries .
The 2019 climate summit
On September 23, 2019, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres held Climate summit To unite world leaders from governments, the private sector and civil society in order to support the multilateral process and to increase and accelerate climate action and ambition .
He has appointed Luis Alfonso de Alba, a former Mexican diplomat, as his special envoy to lead the summit .
The summit focused on the key sectors that could make the biggest difference – heavy industry, nature-based solutions, cities, energy, resilience and climate finance, and world leaders reported on what they are doing and what they intend to do when they meet in 2020 at the UN climate conference where commitments can be renewed and increased.
At the end of the summit, the secretary-general said : ” You have provided a strong impetus to gather momentum, strengthen cooperation and raise the ceiling of ambitions , but we still have a long way to go , we need more concrete plans, greater ambitions from countries and broader partnerships, we also need support from all public and private financial institutions , and to choose to invest in the green economy Now and then, because climate protection is a big challenge and we must all cooperate to protect the planet to ensure a more sustainable future for future generations .
